Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation on the Fertility and Hatchability of Breeder Chickens

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background to the Study

Micronutrients play an essential role in poultry health, reproduction, and productivity. Among them, vitamin E and selenium act as antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative stress and support reproductive function (Surai, 2018). In breeder chickens, oxidative damage in reproductive tissues can lower fertility rates and hatchability. Supplementing vitamin E and selenium may therefore enhance reproductive performance and chick viability.

Studies have shown that vitamin E improves sperm motility, while selenium enhances sperm concentration and egg quality (Niu et al., 2019). Together, they synergistically improve reproductive success in both males and females. However, optimal inclusion levels vary depending on the strain, feed type, and management conditions.

This research aims to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on fertility and hatchability in breeder chickens raised under standard tropical conditions.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Declining fertility and hatchability rates remain significant challenges in breeder flocks. Nutritional deficiencies and oxidative stress are often responsible for these problems. Despite the known importance of vitamin E and selenium, their combined effects on breeder fertility in tropical climates remain under-researched. This study addresses this knowledge gap.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The study aims to:

1. Determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on semen quality in breeder males.

2. Assess fertility and hatchability rates in hens fed supplemented diets.

3. Identify the optimal supplementation level for improved reproductive performance.

1.4 Research Questions

1. How do vitamin E and selenium affect semen quality in breeder males?

2. What is their effect on fertility and hatchability rates?

3. What supplementation level produces the best reproductive outcomes?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The research will provide valuable insights into the role of micronutrients in breeder flock performance. It will also assist feed formulators and farmers in designing effective supplementation strategies for enhanced reproductive success (Surai & Kochish, 2019).

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will focus on breeder chickens under controlled experimental conditions. It will not consider other micronutrients or poultry species. Limitations may include variability in hatchery management and environmental conditions.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Fertility: The ability of breeder birds to produce viable eggs and sperm for successful fertilization.
Hatchability: The percentage of fertile eggs that hatch successfully.
Antioxidant: A compound that prevents oxidative damage to body cells.

References
Niu, Z., Liu, F., Yan, Q., & Li, L. (2019). Effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium on reproductive performance in poultry. Poultry Science Journal, 98(12), 5997–6005.
Surai, P. F. (2018). Vitamin E in poultry nutrition and reproduction. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 74(1), 87–102.
Surai, P. F., & Kochish, I. I. (2019). Selenium in poultry nutrition: From antioxidant protection to fertility enhancement. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(1), 1–13.