Effect of Dietary Fibre Intake on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress among University Students in Oyo State

Effect of Dietary Fibre Intake on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress among University Students in Oyo State

Abstract

Dietary fibre plays an essential role in maintaining optimal health, particularly by reducing oxidative stress and its associated biochemical alterations. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defense system, leading to cellular damage and increased disease risk. This study evaluates the effect of dietary fibre intake on biochemical markers of oxidative stress among university students in Oyo State.

A cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving 120 students randomly selected from three major universities in Oyo State. Dietary fibre intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, while blood samples were collected to measure oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The biochemical assays were conducted using spectrophotometric methods, and statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations between fibre intake levels and oxidative stress markers.

Results revealed that students with higher dietary fibre intake exhibited significantly lower MDA levels and higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) compared to those with low fibre consumption. Moreover, a strong negative correlation was observed between fibre intake and MDA concentration (r = –0.68, p < 0.05), suggesting that fibre-rich diets can effectively reduce oxidative stress.

The study concludes that adequate dietary fibre intake positively influences biochemical markers of oxidative balance among young adults. Promoting high-fibre diets among university students may therefore help prevent oxidative stress–related disorders and enhance long-term wellness.

Keywords: Dietary fibre, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes, Biochemical markers, University students, Oyo State.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Dietary habits play a vital role in determining an individual’s overall health status. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that poor dietary choices, especially low fibre consumption, contribute to metabolic imbalances and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to lipid peroxidation, protein damage, and DNA mutation. These cellular disturbances are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and obesity.

Dietary fibre, a key component of plant-based foods, is known for its antioxidant and detoxifying properties. It helps regulate blood glucose, reduces lipid accumulation, and enhances gastrointestinal health. In addition, fibre indirectly supports antioxidant enzyme function by promoting the removal of pro-oxidant molecules from the gut. University students, however, often adopt irregular eating patterns dominated by processed and fibre-deficient foods, which may predispose them to oxidative imbalance and fatigue.

This study investigates the relationship between dietary fibre intake and biochemical markers of oxidative stress among university students in Oyo State. By evaluating this relationship, the research provides insight into the protective role of dietary fibre against oxidative stress–induced biochemical changes in young adults.

1.1 Background of the Study

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses in the body. Under normal conditions, enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) help neutralize reactive oxygen species. However, poor dietary habits, environmental pollution, and sedentary lifestyles can disrupt this balance. Studies have shown that dietary fibre, abundant in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, can lower oxidative stress by binding to harmful compounds and supporting metabolic detoxification.

University students in Oyo State face increasing exposure to lifestyle stressors such as academic workload, irregular sleep, and unhealthy diets. Most students rely on fast foods and refined carbohydrates with little fibre content, which may contribute to biochemical disturbances. Evaluating the relationship between fibre intake and oxidative stress biomarkers is therefore crucial for understanding the potential benefits of fibre-rich diets on student health.

This study focuses on identifying how dietary fibre consumption influences key biochemical markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation indicator, and the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx. Findings from this research will help emphasize the importance of proper nutrition in maintaining oxidative balance.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In recent times, the consumption of low-fibre diets has become widespread among young adults, particularly university students who depend heavily on processed meals. This dietary pattern increases oxidative stress, which can alter biochemical parameters and predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life. Although several studies have explored oxidative stress in clinical populations, few have examined how fibre intake affects oxidative markers among healthy students in Oyo State. Hence, there is a pressing need to evaluate the link between dietary fibre intake and oxidative stress biomarkers in this population.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dietary fibre intake on biochemical markers of oxidative stress among university students in Oyo State.

The specific objectives are to:

1. Assess the level of dietary fibre intake among university students in Oyo State.

2. Measure oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx) in the study participants.

3. Examine the relationship between dietary fibre intake and oxidative stress markers.

4. Determine differences in oxidative stress levels among students with varying fibre consumption patterns.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the average dietary fibre intake among university students in Oyo State?

2. How do oxidative stress markers vary with levels of dietary fibre consumption?

3. What is the relationship between fibre intake and antioxidant enzyme activities?

4. Can dietary fibre effectively reduce oxidative stress in young adults?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study provides valuable insight into the biochemical effects of dietary fibre on oxidative stress regulation in young adults. The findings will benefit nutritionists, health educators, and policymakers in designing dietary programs that encourage higher fibre intake among students. Additionally, the research contributes to the growing field of nutritional biochemistry by linking lifestyle factors with oxidative stress biomarkers. Encouraging high-fibre diets could also serve as a preventive approach against future oxidative-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on university students aged 18–30 years in Oyo State. It involves the assessment of dietary fibre consumption through structured questionnaires and biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress markers from blood samples. Only healthy, non-smoking students without chronic diseases are included to ensure accurate biochemical comparisons.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

The study faces some limitations such as reliance on self-reported dietary data, which may introduce recall bias. Additionally, laboratory measurements were limited to a few biochemical markers due to resource constraints. However, standardized analytical procedures were followed to ensure accuracy and reliability of results.

1.8 Definition of Key Terms

• Dietary Fibre: Indigestible components of plant foods that aid digestion and regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

• Oxidative Stress: A condition arising from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses.

• Antioxidant Enzymes: Biological molecules such as SOD, CAT, and GPx that protect the body from oxidative damage.

• Malondialdehyde (MDA): A biochemical marker that indicates lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress level.

• Biochemical Markers: Measurable substances in biological samples that reflect physiological or pathological processes.