Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on the Gut Health and Feed Efficiency of Broiler Chickens

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background to the Study

The ban on antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production has led to increased interest in natural feed additives such as probiotics and prebiotics. These bioactive substances help to improve gut health, nutrient absorption, and immunity in poultry (Patterson and Burkholder, 2003). Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that enhance intestinal balance, while prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria (Fuller, 1989).

Feed efficiency and gut health are critical for achieving high productivity in broiler production. According to Mountzouris et al. (2010), the inclusion of probiotics and prebiotics in broiler diets can improve feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and resistance to intestinal infections. This study will evaluate the combined effects of probiotics and prebiotics on gut health and feed utilization in broilers.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Many poultry producers face challenges related to poor feed efficiency and disease outbreaks due to weak intestinal health. The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in antibiotic resistance and food safety concerns (Gaggìa et al., 2010). There is limited local research on the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics as natural alternatives for maintaining gut integrity and enhancing feed utilization in broiler chickens.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To determine the effects of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on feed intake and growth performance of broilers.

2. To assess the impact of these additives on gut microbial balance and intestinal morphology.

3. To compare the feed efficiency of broilers fed supplemented diets with those on standard diets.

1.4 Research Questions

1. How do probiotics and prebiotics affect feed intake and body weight gain in broilers?

2. What influence do they have on gut health and microbial balance?

3. Can these feed additives replace antibiotics in improving feed efficiency?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will help poultry farmers understand the role of probiotics and prebiotics in improving broiler health and performance. It will also provide scientific evidence to support the use of these natural feed additives as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will focus on broiler chickens raised under intensive management conditions. Only probiotics and prebiotics will be considered, while other additives like enzymes or organic acids will not be tested.

1.7 Definition of Terms

• Probiotic: A live microorganism that provides health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

• Prebiotic: A non-digestible food ingredient that stimulates the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

• Feed Efficiency: The ratio of feed consumed to body weight gained.