CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background of the Study

Stray dogs are common in many urban communities. They often scavenge for food and live close to humans. While they play a role in controlling pests, they also pose public health risks. One major concern is the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. These parasites can infect dogs and may be transmitted to humans, causing diseases such as zoonotic helminthiasis (Gompper, 2013).

Gastrointestinal parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms, thrive in environments with poor sanitation. Stray dogs are particularly vulnerable because they have limited access to veterinary care. These infections can reduce the health of dogs by causing diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, and reduced immunity. In addition, infected dogs can contaminate soil, water, and food sources, creating risks for humans and other animals.

Studies show that urban areas with high stray dog populations often experience greater transmission of parasitic infections. The density of dogs, availability of refuse, and environmental hygiene all influence the prevalence of parasites (Beugnet and Marié, 2009). Despite this risk, there is limited data on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among stray dogs in many urban communities. Understanding these patterns is essential for public health management and animal welfare.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Stray dogs are abundant in many cities, yet their health status remains poorly studied. Gastrointestinal parasites in these dogs can reduce their survival and productivity. More importantly, some parasites are zoonotic, posing health risks to humans. Poor knowledge about infection rates prevents effective control measures. Consequently, both public health and animal welfare are at risk. There is therefore a need to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among stray dogs in urban communities.

1.3 Aim of the Study

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs in urban communities.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives of the study are to:

1. Identify the types of gastrointestinal parasites infecting stray dogs.

2. Determine the prevalence of these parasites in different urban areas.

3. Assess the relationship between environmental factors and parasite occurrence.

4. Provide recommendations for parasite control and public health management.

1.5 Research Questions

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What gastrointestinal parasites commonly infect stray dogs in urban communities?

2. How prevalent are these parasites across different urban areas?

3. What environmental factors influence the prevalence of parasites?

4. What measures can reduce parasite transmission and improve public health?

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study provides data that can support public health planning and veterinary interventions. It helps authorities understand the risks associated with stray dog populations. The findings will guide urban sanitation policies and animal control programs. Additionally, the study contributes to scientific literature on parasitic infections in stray animals. It also raises awareness about the importance of responsible pet ownership and community hygiene.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on stray dogs within selected urban communities. It examines the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and their relationship with environmental conditions. The study does not cover dogs under ownership or assess parasites outside the gastrointestinal tract. Seasonal variations are also not included due to the study’s timeframe.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Stray Dogs: Dogs that live without an owner and roam freely in urban areas.
Gastrointestinal Parasites: Parasites that inhabit the digestive system, such as worms and protozoa.
Prevalence: The proportion of infected individuals within a population.
Zoonotic Parasites: Parasites capable of being transmitted from animals to humans.
Urban Community: A populated area with human settlements, infrastructure, and economic activity.